How the Archerfish Shoots Down Prey with Water Bullets (It’s All About Physics!)

Archerfish, found in mangroves and estuaries, hunt by shooting jets of water to knock insects off branches—even in mid-air. This seemingly simple act involves fluid dynamics, surface tension, and advanced trigonometry. Let’s break down how they pull off this physics-defying trick.

The Physics of Water Bullets

Archerfish adjust their water jets based on distance and gravity: - **Surface Tension**: They compress water into a tight stream using their tongue and gills, creating a cohesive “bullet” that holds its shape mid-air. - **Aim Correction**: They account for light refraction (water to air) and shoot at angles up to 74° to hit targets 2 meters away. - **Timing**: The jet accelerates at the tip, delivering maximum force on impact.

© 2012 Vailati et al, PLoS One. 2012 Oct 24;7(10):e47867. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047867

Why Engineers Care

Researchers mimic archerfish mechanics to design: - **Precision nozzles** for firefighting. - **Drug delivery systems** that target specific cells. - Robotic arms with fluid-based accuracy.

Next time you see a water pistol, think of the archerfish—nature’s original sharpshooter!